14 Paragrafa | Uchebnik 8 Klassa Kosulina Konspekt

The beginning of the 19th century saw a slow transition. While the estate system remained rigid, the under Alexander I was a first, though small, step toward allowing serfs to buy their freedom, signaling that the old social order was beginning to crack.

In this period, your rights, duties, and even the taxes you paid were determined entirely by the group you were born into. These were divided into two categories: (exempt from taxes and corporal punishment) and unprivileged (burdened by taxes and service). 1. The Clergy (Privileged)

Belonged to noble landowners. They had no rights, could be sold, and performed either Barshchina (labor on the lord's land) or Obrok (cash payments). uchebnik 8 klassa kosulina konspekt 14 paragrafa

A unique military estate that guarded the empire's borders. In exchange for military service, they held land and remained free from taxes. Urban Dwellers ( Meschane )

They were exempt from the "poll tax" ( podushnaya podat ) and military recruitment. 2. The Nobility (The Ruling Class) The beginning of the 19th century saw a slow transition

Status earned through state service (Table of Ranks) but could not be passed down.

They paid a percentage of their capital to the state instead of the poll tax. 4. The Peasantry (The Majority) These were divided into two categories: (exempt from

Highest tier, allowed to conduct foreign trade and exempt from corporal punishment. 2nd/3rd Guilds: Focused on domestic and local trade.