Includes Flyback and Forward converters, which use transformers to provide electrical isolation between input and output. 4. Comparative Analysis Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Linear Power Supply Efficiency High (75% to 98-99%) Low (25% to 50%) Size & Weight Compact and lightweight due to high-frequency components Large and heavy due to low-frequency transformers Heat Dissipation Low; remains cooler during operation High; requires significant heat sinking Noise & Ripple Higher electrical noise (EMI) and output ripple Very low noise and high stability Complexity High; requires specialized design and PCB layout Low; simpler circuit design 5. Key Components
Typically power MOSFETs or BJTs that perform the rapid switching. Switch-Mode Power Supplies
Efficiently steps down voltage to a lower level. Key Components Typically power MOSFETs or BJTs that
Capacitors and inductors used at both input and output to reduce ripple and EMI. 6. Market and Applications Includes Flyback and Forward converters
Different circuit configurations, or topologies, are used based on the desired output:
Steps up the input voltage to a higher output level.
Often a PWM controller like the TI TL598 that manages the switching cycles.