Subtitle - Gallipoli

The campaign was conceived primarily by , then First Lord of the Admiralty, as a way to break the stalemate on the Western Front by opening a new front in the East.

: The campaign began with a naval bombardment on February 19, 1915. However, hidden Ottoman mines and shore-based artillery inflicted heavy losses, sinking several major ships and forcing the Allies to shift to a land-based invasion. The Land Campaign: Harsh Realities and Stalemate subtitle Gallipoli

The Gallipoli Campaign (1915–1916) stands as one of the most significant and tragic episodes of World War I, representing a major strategic failure for the Allied Powers while simultaneously acting as a foundational moment for the national identities of Australia, New Zealand, and modern Turkey. Strategic Objectives and the Initial Plan The campaign was conceived primarily by , then

: The primary aim was for a combined British and French fleet to force a passage through the Dardanelles Strait , a narrow 38-mile waterway. The Land Campaign: Harsh Realities and Stalemate The

: Success would have allowed the Allies to capture Constantinople (now Istanbul), knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war, and open a vital sea route to resupply a beleaguered Russia via the Black Sea.