: Police killed 69 unarmed protesters demonstrating against pass laws. This event led to the banning of the ANC and PAC, pushing the movement toward armed struggle.
The system was designed to ensure the political, social, and economic dominance of the white minority. Key architects like D.F. Malan and later Hendrik Verwoerd implemented laws that touched every aspect of life. South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid
: The Group Areas Act (1950) mandated separate residential areas, leading to the forced removal of millions of non-white South Africans from their homes. : Police killed 69 unarmed protesters demonstrating against
: Ongoing strikes, township revolts, and the work of the United Democratic Front (UDF) made the country nearly ungovernable. Key architects like D
: The Population Registration Act of 1950 classified all citizens into four groups: White, Black (Bantu), Coloured (mixed race), and Indian/Asian.