This ignores what philosopher Bernard Williams calls —the projects and relationships that give our lives meaning. If ethics requires us to view our loved ones merely as "units of utility" in a global ledger, it asks us to alienate ourselves from the very things that make us human. A moral theory that requires the betrayal of personal loyalty may be logically consistent, but it is psychologically and socially uninhabitable.
In the rush to maximize the "good," the individual is often lost. If the happiness of the many outweighs the suffering of the few, utilitarianism can lead to outcomes that intuitively feel like gross injustices. While Singer attempts to mitigate this through "Rule Utilitarianism," the foundational logic remains: the individual is always expendable for the sake of the aggregate. Conclusion Refuting Peter Singer's ethical theory: the imp...
The Impersonality of Ethics: A Critique of Singer’s Impartiality This ignores what philosopher Bernard Williams calls —the