: The dynamic activity or biological functions performed by a substance.

: The inseparable relationship between a substance and its properties or actions.

: The physical basis or substrate in which properties and actions reside.

: Added later to describe the absence of a substance or quality. Practical Application in Ayurveda Hand Book of Padartha Vijnana (Essence of Verses)

Book Description * About the Author. Dr. Manisha Dunghav has completed her B. A. M. S. from Mumbai University and M.D. from K.G.M. Occult-N-Things Padartha Vijnana- Basic Principles of Ayurveda