After a costly victory at the in May 1757, Frederick besieged the city. However, the arrival of a relief army led by the methodical Marshal Daun forced Frederick to divide his forces to intercept the threat. Daun chose a strong defensive position on hills near Kolin , compelling Frederick to attack uphill against superior numbers. The Battle of Kolin: June 18, 1757
Prussian infantry, harassed by Austrian Grenzers (light infantry), turned to attack the Austrian center too early, resulting in a piecemeal frontal assault instead of the intended flanking maneuver. Kolin 1757: Frederick the Great's First Defeat
Prussia lost the strategic initiative; for much of the remaining war, Frederick was forced to react to the moves of the anti-Prussian coalition rather than dictating the conflict. After a costly victory at the in May
Well-positioned Austrian artillery and musketry decimated the advancing Prussian columns. The Battle of Kolin: June 18, 1757 Prussian
The victory revitalized Austrian morale and led to the creation of the Military Order of Maria Theresa to honor the achievement. Category Prussia Austria Commanders Frederick the Great Leopold von Daun Force Size Casualties ~13,700 - 14,000 ~8,000 - 8,100 Guns