Egypt: Old Kingdom -

Papyrus was essential for the , enabling the management of the vast resources required for monumental projects like the pyramids.

Egyptians sliced the pith into thin strips, layered them in a crosshatch pattern (horizontal and vertical), and pressed them together. The plant's natural sap acted as an adhesive to bond the layers into a single sheet. Egypt: Old Kingdom

It was made from the pith (inner marrow) of the Cyperus papyrus plant, which grew abundantly in the Nile Delta. Papyrus was essential for the , enabling the