If you tell me what specific you need for your paper (such as the impact of DRM on performance or the history of the scene group RUNE), I can provide more detailed analysis for those sections.

: The crack by RUNE followed the official removal of Denuvo by the developers, Striking Distance Studios , in a game update. This is a common practice for developers once a game’s peak sales period has passed or to improve technical performance, as Denuvo has been criticized for impacting CPU usage.

: Because the DRM was officially removed, the "cracked" version is essentially the DRM-free executable. It is widely available on various archival and scene sites. Game Context

The Callisto Protocol (2022) was , by the group known as RUNE . This happened approximately 16 months after the game's initial release on December 2, 2022. Crack History and Technical Details

: Upon release, the game was protected by Denuvo Anti-Tamper , a notorious DRM (Digital Rights Management) technology that is often difficult for cracking groups to bypass quickly.