: Professional models are often categorized as explosive materials rather than destructive devices because the ATF defines their fuze assemblies (like the M201A1) as initiating devices.
Several manufacturers produce high-output smoke grenades that mimic military performance for training, filming, and airsoft, though they may have specific purchasing requirements. Maximum HC Smoke Military-Style Canister buy mil spec smoke grenades
As of November 2023, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) rescinded several "Special Explosive Device" exemptions that previously allowed certain smoke grenades to be sold without a license. : Professional models are often categorized as explosive