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Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ): Reliable Data Transmission 1. Introduction

g., protocol efficiency calculations, equations) or a ? Do youg., mobile networks, satellite)? Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ): Reliable Data Transmission 1

SR provides the best throughput in high-error rate scenarios. SR provides the best throughput in high-error rate scenarios

The sender transmits one frame and waits for an ACK before sending the next. Pros: Simple implementation. If the sender does not receive an ACK

If the sender does not receive an ACK within a designated time (timeout) or receives a NAK, it retransmits the packet. 3. Types of ARQ Protocols 3.1. Stop-and-Wait ARQ

is a fundamental error-control mechanism used in telecommunications and data link layers to ensure reliable transmission over unreliable communication links. Unlike Forward Error Correction (FEC) , which allows the receiver to correct errors, ARQ relies on the receiver identifying errors and requesting retransmission of data from the sender. This paper covers the primary types of ARQ protocols, their mechanisms, and performance tradeoffs. 2. Fundamental Mechanisms ARQ protocols operate based on two main principles: